Error: Cannot start Microsoft Outlook. Cannot open the Outlook window. The set of folders cannot be opened. The Calendar folder cannot be found.

The issue is that Cache Exchange mode is enabled.

To disable it:

• Go into control panel (Press Start button and type "Control".  Select Control Panel from the list)
• (If you only see 8 icons, click on View By Categrory and select Small icons)
• Click on Mail
• Click Show Profiles... 
• Select the profile 
• Click Properties
• Click Email Accounts...
• Click Change...
• Uncheck Use Cached Exchange Mode 
• Finally click Next and Finish
• Close all the remaining open windows by clicking OK
  

Trying opening Outlook again